By : Drs.
Marsigit MA
Reviewed
by: Fifi Yuniarti
Kuhs and Ball
argues that the terms of its focus, there are four different views of how
learning should be implemented, the views are among others:
a. Groups
who argue that learning should emphasize the understanding of the material
b. Groups
who argue that learning needs to prioritize the learning outcomes
c. Groups
who argue that learning should be learned centered on the subject, so that they
can develop and build knowledge
d. Groups
who argue that learning should start from the planning of classroom management
that is conducive to learning
Judging from the
lecturer or teacher’s teaching style, there are two polar views, namely:
a. Traditional
vs. progressive
b. Authoritarian
vs. democratic
c. Classical
vs. individual
d. Transfer
of knowledge vs. cognitive development
e. Structured
vs. less structured
f. Teacher
centered vs. student centered
g. Teacher
directed vs. student initiative
h. Dependent
vs. independent
i.
Result oriented
vs. process oriented
To increase students’
enthusiasm in learning, teachers need to provide innovation in learning so that
students are not bored, that is changing the learning system which was
originally a traditional learning system into a progressive learning system,
among others:
a. Teacher
centered à
student centered
b. Authoritarian
à democratic
c. Students
passive à students active
d. Orientation
results à orientation process
and results
e. Expositions
à discussion, the
variation method
f. Abstract
memory à concrete,
understanding, application
g. External
motivation à
internal motivation
h. Very
formal à less informal
i.
Centralistic à
autonomy
j.
Highly
structured à
flexible
k. Teacher
à educators,
facilitators, dynamist
l.
Teachers
implementing the curriculum à
teachers developing the curriculum
m. The
role of the teacher dominating à
the role of the teacher serve
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