Philosophical Explanation on Mathematical Experiences of The Fifth Grade Students

By : Drs. Marsigit MA

Reviewed by: Fifi Yuniarti

            Penggunaan alat peraga Linear Arithmetic Blocks (LAB) atau model linear ternyata lebih meningkatkan minat dan aktivitas siswa jika dibandingkan dengan alat peraga Multi-base Arithmetic Blocks (MAB) atau model ruang dalam melakukan percobaan-percobaan operasi hitung pada bilangan desimal.

            Mackenzie J.S, menyatakan bahwa sebuah filsafat harus mampu memperhitungkan hasil umum dari suatu investigasi dari semua ilmu untuk suatu usaha membangun teori umum. Untuk tercapai tujuan yang maksimal, digunakan beberapa pendekatan yang bersifat filosofis seperti, interpretasi, idealisasi, analogi, perbandingan, dan deskripsi. Pendekatan-pendekatan tersebut menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara komponen-komponen bilangan desimal dengan benda fisik yang digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar matematika.

            Dengan demikian akan timbul motivasi dari dalam diri siswa dan juga para guru untuk mempelajari materi-materi atau benda-benda fisik yang berkaitan dengan matematika. Namun, para guru dan siswa juga harus memperhatikan dan mengantisipasi adanya kendala-kendala yang menghambat dalam mempelajari materi-materi fisik tersebut dan juga harus dapat menemukan solusi sehingga para siswa dan guru dapat berinteraksi dengan baik dengan materi-materi atau benda-benda fisik dalam matematika.

            Kant menegaskan bahwa “ruang” dan “waktu” adalah bentuk dari perasaan kita, sesuatu yang mempengaruhi kita, sensibilitas adalah sebuah benda yang memiliki “ruang” atau “jasmani” merupakan karakteristik dari suatu objek yang fenomenal.

            Hasil penelitian dari mengajar dengan menggunakan materi-materi fisik matematika memberikan beberapa kesimpulan antara lain, adanya perbedaan antara model LAB dan MAB, model LAB yang lebih unggul jika dibandingkan dengan model MAB, sesta sistem belajar mengajar dengan menggunakan materi-materi fisik yang dianggap memiliki kesulitan sendiri bagi para siswa.

            Dengan adanya model LAB dan MAB, maka ada beberapa isu yang mungkin merupakan dampak adanya model LAB dan MAB. Dampak tersebut antara lain, siswa membingungkan adanya penyelenggaraan dengan nilai komponen, dan siswa membingungkan tentang posisi tempat dari kolom nilai. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa “aksensibilitas” adalah sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan subjek bahwa apa yang disimpulkan oleh Kant adalah suatu “kepekaan”.

Promoting Lesson Study as One of The Ways for Mathematics Teachers Professional Development in Indonesia: The Reflection on Japanese Good Practice of Mathematics Teaching Through VTR, 2002-2005

By : Drs. Marsigit MA

Reviewed by: Fifi Yuniarti

            Dalam praktek mengajar menggunakan VTR (Video Tape Recorder) dapat meningkatkan kompetensi mengajar para guru serta memotivasi para guru untuk menjadi guru yang profesional. Namun, para guru juga menyadari bahwa untuk dapat melaksankan kegiatan belajar mengajar menggunakan VTR (Video Tape Recorder) terdapat beberapa kendala yang harus mereka atasi.

            VTR (Video Tape Recorder) itu sendiri memiliki beberapa manfaat untuk mengembangkan kegiatan belajar mengajar matematika antara lain terdapat ringkasan pendek yang merupakan permasalahan-permasalahan utama dalam pelajaran, dan kemungkinan untuk melaksanakan diskusi tentang mata pelajaran matematika.

            Di Negara Jepang, praktek mengajar matematika menggunakan VTR (Video Tape Recorder) dilaksanakan dengan metode tugas yang diberikan sesuai dengan minat siswa dan dengan tujuan antara lain, para siswa mengapresiasi formula untuk menemukan daerah dari suatu gambar dan menggunakan formula tersebut untuk menemukan daerah yang lain, para siswa menemukan daerah yang baik berdasarkan dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman mereka, para siswa dapat menemukan gambar yang lebih mendasar dengan efisien, dan para siswa mengerti metode-metode untuk menemukan gambar yang masih mendasar.

            Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar matematika menggunakan model VTR (Video Tape Recorder) juga mengalami beberapa kendala antara lain, para siswa membutuhkan waktu untuk membiasakan diri mereka untuk dapat menyampaikan gagasan-gagasan atau ide-ide yang ada dalam otak mereka, para guru harus menyiapkan rencana pembelajaran yang lebih matang dalam rangka meningkatkan kompetensi profesional mereka serta agar isi pengajaran yang para guru sampaikan kepada siswa lebih sarat makna, para guru harus memberikan fasilitas pendidikan yang maksimal bagi para siswa seperti penggunaan media pembelajaran serta alokasi waktu mengajar yang terkadang tidak sesuai antara target pencapaian belajar dengan materi yang harus diberikan kepada para siswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu.

Kegiatan Penelitian Sebagai Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Matematika

By : Drs. Marsigit MA

Reviewed by: Fifi Yuniarti

            Mathematics as patterns and relationships, therefore in mathematics teaching and learning activities, teachers need to do somethings in order in teaching and learning activities are more living, among others, the teacher gives students the chance to discover their own patterns to determine the relationship, the teacher gives the opportunity to students to discover patterns in various ways, teachers encourage students to discover the existence of differences, comparisons, etc., teachers encourage students to draw general conclusions, the teacher helps students find a link between understanding one with another understanding.

            Mathematics as creativity, therefore teachers need to do several things, among others, the teacher gives students an opportunity for students to think differently or think that is not monotonous, teachers encourage curiosity and the desire to ask the students also encourage students ability to refute or criticize and advice on the opinion given to the students, teachers should be able to appreciate something that is found to the students as it can be taken advantage rather than assuming such a thing as a mistake, the teacher advised the students not to use one method of studying.

            Mathematics as problem solving activities, therefore teachers need to do several things, among others, teachers help students in solving math problems but using the students themselves, teachers provide information needed by students to solve math problems, teachers encourage students to think logically and systematically, teachers develop students abilities and skills in solving math problems, teachers help students to know how and when to use teaching aids such as mathematics education compass, ruler, calculator, etc..

            Mathematics as a tool to communicate, therefore teachers need to do several things, among others, teachers should encourage students to recognize the properties that exist in mathematics, teachers should encourage students to make the examples relating to the properties that exist in mathematics, teachers encourage students to explain the properties of whatever is on mathematics, teachers encourage students to give reasons to the holding of mathematical activity, teachers encourage students to discuss the problems that exist in mathematics, teachers encourage students to read and write mathematics well the corresponding with the rules that apply to mathematics.

Usaha Guru dalam Meningkatkan Minat Siswa Mempelajari Matematika

By : Drs. Marsigit MA

Reviewed by: Fifi Yuniarti

Mathematics subjects are not much liked by the students at the school. Most of the students at school should feel afraid of the math subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to the efforts of teachers to be able to make mathematical subjects into subjects that are not scary and not scary but it is a subject of interest by students at the school.

But apparently there are some obstacles that hinder the teachers in an effort to increase students' interest towards mathematics courses. Some of these constraints, among others, the meaning of mathematical theories that are less well understood by students and teachers, the difficulties the students and teachers about how to apply mathematical theories in everyday life, studying the existing system that sometimes does not support or less support in learning mathematics, the environmental conditions that are less supportive, and also used in the learning facilities inadequate.
In addition to some constraints experienced by teachers, teachers also have some difficulties in its efforts to increase students' interest towards mathematics courses.

Some of the difficulties these teachers, among others, teachers sometimes have difficulty in dealing with students 'mathematical skills are different, the difficulty in encouraging and improving students' activeness in teaching and learning activities, difficulties in developing mathematics learning of existing technologies, as well as the achievement target NEM very high and the completion of the syllabus within a specified period.

Therefore we need the efforts of teachers to improve students' motivation to learn mathematics. Effort to increase student motivation, among others, teachers provide a fun learning system, teachers create a classroom atmosphere that supports learning mathematics, teachers must consider the preferences of students, teachers provide learning activities to students in accordance with the purpose of learning mathematics, and teachers appreciate the or achievement of the students in learning mathematics.

In an effort to increase students' interest towards the subjects of mathematics, teachers also need to allow and supervise so that students learn in their own way because each student has a way of learning different speeds in the absorbing material also varies, and each student also has a background different both in terms of economic, social and cultural rights. Therefore, teachers must know the strengths and weaknesses of each student and to plan learning activities appropriate to students' ability level.

Some business teachers in an effort to increase students interest towards other subjects are math teachers give students opportunities to learn independently and work in groups, terchers gave students the opportunity to exchange ideas between students that one with other students, teachers involve students in decision making about teaching and learning activities that will be done, the teacher gives the facility or props are required of students in learning mathematics, teachers enhance student understanding that learning mathematics can be done in various places and occasions, and used in a variety of everyday purposes related to mathematics.